feat(db): all domain models, initial Alembic migration (32 tables), seed script (8 districts, 89 regions, roles)

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,49 @@
-"""Модели данных."""
+"""Модели данных (регистрация для Alembic)."""
+from app.models.advice import Advice
+from app.models.artifact import Artifact
+from app.models.audit import AssistantAction, AssistantConfig, AuditLog
+from app.models.broadcast import Broadcast, BroadcastRecipient, BroadcastTemplate
+from app.models.event import Event, EventReminder
+from app.models.goal import DataUpload, Goal, RegionGoalValue, Snapshot
+from app.models.history import PlatformHistory
+from app.models.knowledge import KnowledgeArticle, KnowledgeCategory
 from app.models.region import FederalDistrict, Region
+from app.models.region_card import RegionCard, RegionCardHistory, RegionLink
+from app.models.request import Request, RequestComment
+from app.models.task import Task, TaskComment
+from app.models.user import LoginToken, Role, Session, User, UserRegion, UserRole
 
-__all__ = ["FederalDistrict", "Region"]
+__all__ = [
+    "Advice",
+    "Artifact",
+    "AssistantAction",
+    "AssistantConfig",
+    "AuditLog",
+    "Broadcast",
+    "BroadcastRecipient",
+    "BroadcastTemplate",
+    "DataUpload",
+    "Event",
+    "EventReminder",
+    "FederalDistrict",
+    "Goal",
+    "KnowledgeArticle",
+    "KnowledgeCategory",
+    "LoginToken",
+    "PlatformHistory",
+    "Region",
+    "RegionCard",
+    "RegionCardHistory",
+    "RegionGoalValue",
+    "RegionLink",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestComment",
+    "Role",
+    "Session",
+    "Snapshot",
+    "Task",
+    "TaskComment",
+    "User",
+    "UserRegion",
+    "UserRole",
+]

backend/app/models/advice.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Модели советов от регионов."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+
+
+class Advice(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "advices"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    region_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    goal_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("goals.id"))
+    author_user_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    body: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), default="published")
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

backend/app/models/artifact.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""Модели артефактов (файлов)."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, DateTime, ForeignKey, String, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+
+
+class Artifact(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "artifacts"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    title: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    file_key: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(500))
+    file_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    mime_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    size_bytes: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(BigInteger)
+    region_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id"))
+    goal_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("goals.id"))
+    task_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("tasks.id"))
+    uploaded_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    deleted_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

backend/app/models/audit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Модели аудита и AI-ассистента."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import Boolean, DateTime, ForeignKey, JSON, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import ActorType
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class AuditLog(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "audit_log"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    actor_user_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    actor_type: Mapped[ActorType] = mapped_column(enum_col(ActorType))
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    entity_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    entity_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    payload: Mapped[dict | None] = mapped_column(JSON)
+    ip: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(64))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+
+class AssistantConfig(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "assistant_configs"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    owner_user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"), unique=True)
+    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False)
+    permissions: Mapped[dict | None] = mapped_column(JSON)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+
+class AssistantAction(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "assistant_actions"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    owner_user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    entity_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    entity_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    payload: Mapped[dict | None] = mapped_column(JSON)
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), default="ok")
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

backend/app/models/broadcast.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Модели рассылок."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+    JSON,
+    String,
+    Text,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+    func,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import BroadcastStatus, BroadcastType, RecipientStatus
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class BroadcastTemplate(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "broadcast_templates"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64), unique=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(200))
+    type: Mapped[BroadcastType] = mapped_column(enum_col(BroadcastType))
+    body_template: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+
+class Broadcast(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "broadcasts"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    template_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("broadcast_templates.id"))
+    type: Mapped[BroadcastType] = mapped_column(enum_col(BroadcastType))
+    subject: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    body: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    audience_filter: Mapped[dict | None] = mapped_column(JSON)
+    status: Mapped[BroadcastStatus] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(BroadcastStatus), default=BroadcastStatus.DRAFT
+    )
+    scheduled_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    started_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    finished_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+
+class BroadcastRecipient(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "broadcast_recipients"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    broadcast_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("broadcasts.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    status: Mapped[RecipientStatus] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(RecipientStatus), default=RecipientStatus.PENDING
+    )
+    sent_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    error: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("broadcast_id", "user_id", name="uq_broadcast_user"),)

backend/app/models/enums.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""Перечисления предметной области."""
+from enum import StrEnum
+
+
+class MessengerType(StrEnum):
+    TELEGRAM = "telegram"
+    MAX = "max"
+
+
+class UserStatus(StrEnum):
+    ACTIVE = "active"
+    BLOCKED = "blocked"
+    PENDING = "pending"
+
+
+class RoleCode(StrEnum):
+    ADMIN = "admin"
+    COORDINATOR = "coordinator"
+    REGION_HEAD = "region_head"
+    MEMBER = "member"
+    DEPUTY = "deputy"
+
+
+class LoginTokenStatus(StrEnum):
+    ACTIVE = "active"
+    USED = "used"
+    EXPIRED = "expired"
+    REVOKED = "revoked"
+
+
+class SnapshotKind(StrEnum):
+    POINT0 = "point0"
+    CURRENT = "current"
+    HISTORY = "history"
+
+
+class MemberType(StrEnum):
+    MEMBER = "member"
+    RESIDENT = "resident"
+
+
+class TaskStatus(StrEnum):
+    NEW = "new"
+    IN_PROGRESS = "in_progress"
+    REVIEW = "review"
+    DONE = "done"
+
+
+class TaskPriority(StrEnum):
+    LOW = "low"
+    MEDIUM = "medium"
+    HIGH = "high"
+
+
+class RequestType(StrEnum):
+    JOIN = "join"
+    ACCESS = "access"
+    EVENT = "event"
+    SUPPORT = "support"
+
+
+class RequestStatus(StrEnum):
+    NEW = "new"
+    IN_PROGRESS = "in_progress"
+    CLOSED = "closed"
+
+
+class BroadcastType(StrEnum):
+    INFO = "info"
+    EDUCATION = "education"
+    RATING = "rating"
+
+
+class BroadcastStatus(StrEnum):
+    DRAFT = "draft"
+    SCHEDULED = "scheduled"
+    SENDING = "sending"
+    SENT = "sent"
+    FAILED = "failed"
+
+
+class RecipientStatus(StrEnum):
+    PENDING = "pending"
+    SENT = "sent"
+    FAILED = "failed"
+
+
+class ActorType(StrEnum):
+    USER = "user"
+    ASSISTANT = "assistant"
+    SYSTEM = "system"
+
+
+class LinkType(StrEnum):
+    COMMUNITY = "community"
+    CHAT = "chat"

backend/app/models/event.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""Модели календаря событий."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+
+
+class Event(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "events"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    description: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    starts_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    ends_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    location: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+
+class EventReminder(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "event_reminders"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    event_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("events.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    remind_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    sent_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))

backend/app/models/goal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""Модели целей, срезов и метрик."""
+from datetime import date, datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Boolean,
+    Date,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+    Numeric,
+    String,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+    func,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import SnapshotKind
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class Goal(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "goals"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(200))
+    description: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(1000))
+    target_value: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Numeric(14, 2))
+    unit: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32))
+    is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=True)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+    snapshots: Mapped[list["Snapshot"]] = relationship(back_populates="goal")
+
+
+class Snapshot(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "snapshots"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    goal_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("goals.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    snapshot_date: Mapped[date] = mapped_column(Date)
+    kind: Mapped[SnapshotKind] = mapped_column(enum_col(SnapshotKind))
+    source: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+    goal: Mapped[Goal] = relationship(back_populates="snapshots")
+    values: Mapped[list["RegionGoalValue"]] = relationship(back_populates="snapshot")
+
+
+class RegionGoalValue(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "region_goal_values"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    snapshot_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("snapshots.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    region_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    value: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(Numeric(14, 2))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("snapshot_id", "region_id", name="uq_snapshot_region"),)
+
+    snapshot: Mapped[Snapshot] = relationship(back_populates="values")
+
+
+class DataUpload(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "data_uploads"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    goal_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("goals.id"))
+    file_key: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(500))
+    uploaded_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), default="uploaded")
+    processed_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

backend/app/models/history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Модели истории платформы."""
+from datetime import date, datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Date, DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+
+
+class PlatformHistory(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "platform_history"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    body: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    event_date: Mapped[date | None] = mapped_column(Date)
+    is_public: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=True)
+    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

backend/app/models/knowledge.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Модели базы знаний."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+
+
+class KnowledgeCategory(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "knowledge_categories"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(200), unique=True)
+
+
+class KnowledgeArticle(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "knowledge_articles"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    body: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    category_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("knowledge_categories.id"))
+    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )

backend/app/models/region_card.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Модели карточки региона."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, Integer, String, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import LinkType
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class RegionCard(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "region_cards"
+
+    region_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), primary_key=True)
+    population: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer)
+    head_user_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+
+class RegionLink(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "region_links"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    region_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    type: Mapped[LinkType] = mapped_column(enum_col(LinkType))
+    title: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(200))
+    url: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(500))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+
+class RegionCardHistory(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "region_card_history"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    region_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    field: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    old_value: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(1000))
+    new_value: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(1000))
+    changed_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    changed_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

backend/app/models/request.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""Модели запросов (заявок)."""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import RequestStatus, RequestType
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class Request(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "requests"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    type: Mapped[RequestType] = mapped_column(enum_col(RequestType))
+    user_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    region_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id"))
+    subject: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    body: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    status: Mapped[RequestStatus] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(RequestStatus), default=RequestStatus.NEW
+    )
+    assigned_to: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+    comments: Mapped[list["RequestComment"]] = relationship(back_populates="request")
+
+
+class RequestComment(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "request_comments"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    request_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("requests.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    author_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    body: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+    request: Mapped[Request] = relationship(back_populates="comments")

backend/app/models/task.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Модели задач (трекера)."""
+from datetime import date, datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import Date, DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import RoleCode, TaskPriority, TaskStatus
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class Task(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "tasks"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(300))
+    description: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    due_date: Mapped[date | None] = mapped_column(Date)
+    priority: Mapped[TaskPriority] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(TaskPriority), default=TaskPriority.MEDIUM
+    )
+    status: Mapped[TaskStatus] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(TaskStatus), default=TaskStatus.NEW
+    )
+    region_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id"))
+    assignee_user_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    assignee_role: Mapped[RoleCode | None] = mapped_column(enum_col(RoleCode))
+    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    deleted_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+    comments: Mapped[list["TaskComment"]] = relationship(back_populates="task")
+
+
+class TaskComment(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "task_comments"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    task_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("tasks.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    author_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    body: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+    task: Mapped[Task] = relationship(back_populates="comments")

backend/app/models/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Вспомогательные типы для моделей."""
+from enum import Enum as PyEnum
+
+from sqlalchemy import Enum as SAEnum
+
+
+def enum_col(enum_cls: type[PyEnum], length: int = 20) -> SAEnum:
+    """Enum-колонка, хранящая значения (value), а не имена членов.
+
+    Например, BroadcastType.INFO хранится как 'info', а не 'INFO'.
+    """
+    return SAEnum(
+        enum_cls,
+        native_enum=False,
+        length=length,
+        values_callable=lambda obj: [e.value for e in obj],
+    )

backend/app/models/user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Модели пользователей, ролей и доступа."""
+from datetime import date, datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Boolean,
+    Date,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+    String,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+    func,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+
+from app.db.session import Base
+from app.models.enums import LoginTokenStatus, MemberType, MessengerType, RoleCode, UserStatus
+from app.models.types import enum_col
+
+
+class User(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "users"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    full_name: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(200))
+    messenger_type: Mapped[MessengerType] = mapped_column(enum_col(MessengerType))
+    messenger_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64))
+    phone: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32))
+    status: Mapped[UserStatus] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(UserStatus), default=UserStatus.ACTIVE
+    )
+    member_type: Mapped[MemberType | None] = mapped_column(enum_col(MemberType))
+    joined_at: Mapped[date | None] = mapped_column(Date)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )
+
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("messenger_type", "messenger_id", name="uq_user_messenger"),)
+
+    regions: Mapped[list["UserRegion"]] = relationship(back_populates="user")
+    roles: Mapped[list["UserRole"]] = relationship(
+        back_populates="user", foreign_keys="UserRole.user_id"
+    )
+
+
+class UserRegion(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "user_regions"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    region_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    is_primary: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("user_id", "region_id", name="uq_user_region"),)
+
+    user: Mapped[User] = relationship(back_populates="regions")
+
+
+class Role(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "roles"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    code: Mapped[RoleCode] = mapped_column(enum_col(RoleCode), unique=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100))
+
+
+class UserRole(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "user_roles"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    role_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("roles.id"))
+    region_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id"))
+    granted_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    granted_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("user_id", "role_id", "region_id", name="uq_user_role"),)
+
+    user: Mapped[User] = relationship(back_populates="roles", foreign_keys=[user_id])
+
+
+class LoginToken(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "login_tokens"
+
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(36), primary_key=True)
+    token: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(128), unique=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    region_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("regions.id"))
+    issued_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
+    status: Mapped[LoginTokenStatus] = mapped_column(
+        enum_col(LoginTokenStatus), default=LoginTokenStatus.ACTIVE
+    )
+    expires_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    used_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+
+
+class Session(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "sessions"
+
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(36), primary_key=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    token_hash: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(128), unique=True)
+    messenger_type: Mapped[MessengerType] = mapped_column(enum_col(MessengerType))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    expires_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    revoked_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))